Phacoemulsification is the most common modern surgical technique for cataract removal. In this procedure, the eye surgeon makes a tiny incision in the cornea and uses an ultrasound probe to break up (emulsify) the clouded natural lens into small fragments. These fragments are then gently suctioned out, and an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in place of the removed lens. The surgery is typically performed under local anesthesia, involves minimal discomfort, and has a quick recovery time. Advances in technology have made phacoemulsification highly safe, precise, and effective, restoring clear vision for millions worldwide.